Regarding THE way of facing THE West AND modernity, Ahmed Fardid is among THE thinkers who, by adopting a philosophical AND judgmental approach, rejects modernity, philosophy, AND western civilization in its entirety. Fardid considers modernity AND THE West to have an inherent crisis AND considers any attempt to patch up modernity with Eastern religions or cultures futile. Fardid, who is THE creator of THE word “Gharbzadegi (Westoxification)”, considers human sciences AND Western civilization to be nothing more than THE inciting soul vanities AND blasphemy. By adopting an essentialist AND negative approach towards THE modern WORLD, he calls for a complete break from THE subjectivism AND humanism associated with THE modern WORLD AND a return to Islamic-oriented philosophy (Hekmat-e Onsi). Seyyed Hossein Nasr, as a traditionalist thinker, rejects Western civilization AND modernity as a unified whole. He wants to incorporate modern science AND reason AND take perennial philosophy. In this paper, via a comparative analysis method, this hypoTHEsis is examined that although Fardid AND Nasr are sympathizers in THE complete negation AND rejection of THE modern WORLD, Fardid confronts modernity AND its consequent subjectivism using Heidegger’s western thought. This is when Nasr confronts modernity from THE perspective of a traditionalist thinker who believes in THE foundations of tradition. Nasr considers THE return to THE perennial philosophy to solve confronting THE Western WORLD AND modernity, but Fardid faced with THE modern WORLD, emphasizes that although modernity is THE exposure of self-fulfillment, one must strive to overcome it. It is difficult to return to THE past.

current research is to critically analyze THE discourse of WORLD peace in THE textbooks of THE Iranian educational system based on THE THEory of identification by L& M. For this purpose, THE textbooks between THE years 1357-1392 (primary period AND first period high school) have been analyzed. This article has been done with THE combined method of analyzing THE discourse of Fairclough, L &M AND focusing on THE following questions: What was THE status of THE WORLD peace discourse in THE educational documents of this era? What subjects are THEse educational materials trying to create? What role have THE dominant political discourses in this era played in shaping THE identity of THEse subjects? THE findings show that THE discourse of WORLD peace in educational books AND documents has been rejected due to THE demarcation between Islamic AND non-Islamic, internal AND EXTERNAL. Power processes have tried to create militant AND vengeful subjects with a military identity. THE factor of persuasion of THE subjects is THE axiomatization of THE ideologies of THE revolution with an Islamic nature. Also, THE educational content by inducing specific defense ideologies has formed pacifist identities in all individual, interpersonal, social AND international dimensions.

THE method of metaphysics: Metaphysics is empirical but depends not, like THE sciences, on recondite experience but on close attention to aspects of everyday experience we ordinarily scarcely notice. "Real" is a broader concept than "exists" (which applies only to particulars) AND also applies to phenomena, kinds, AND laws, which are real, but not, of course, existent entities. But "THEre are real kinds, laws, etc." doesn't imply that all THE kinds AND laws we believe are real, are. I call my approach "Innocent Realism" because--though it's certainly not naive--it requires attending to experience, so far as possible, without substantial preconceptions. THEre is one real WORLD, enormously varied but also integrated. It includes physical stuff, kinds, laws, etc. AND, here on earth, a vast array of human artifacts, physical, social, intellectual, AND imaginative, all intimately interconnected. All this requires human MINDedness (a better word than "MIND" because it doesn't suggest that human mentality is an organ like THE heart or THE liver). RaTHEr, it's a complex congeries of dispositions AND abilities: to understAND even such a relatively simple thing as what's involved in someone's believing something, we need to take account of THE person's dispositions to behavior, verbal AND oTHErwise; to THE neurophysiological realizations of THEse dispositions; AND to THEir connections to THE WORLD AND to words in THE person's linguistic community--this last requiring oTHEr people's words-WORLD connection. "Virtual" reality is just one more computer artifact, clever, no doubt, but not metaphysically startling. It's oversold, but this is advertising hype, not serious metaphysics.

Purpose: Clustering AND co-word analysis is a method to reveal relationships AND links AND illustrate THE intellectual structure of a scientific field. This research tries to study THE intellectual structure of articles in THE field of futures studies in Iran by using THE technique of co-word analysis. Method: THE current research is a descriptive-analytical development with a scientometric approach. THE statistical population is 921 articles retrieved records in THE field of futures studies. Findings: THE findings showed that articles in THE field of futures studies in Iran are often associated with positive growth, AND in terms of frequency, THE keywords scenario, Islamic Republic, AND foresight are THE most frequent in futures studies. THE findings related to THE hierarchical clustering led to THE formation of 8 clusters in this field, namely "ICT visions", "geographers who love THE future", "knowledge development", " Futuristic higher education", "Future of Religion", "Regional Relations", "Strategic Foresight" AND "Heavy Weight of Method". Conclusion: According to THE findings of THE current research AND THE high frequency of THE keyword scenario, as well as THE density AND relationships of this keyword with oTHEr keywords, it can be concluded that THE scenario is THE dominant approach in futures studies. Also, according to THE resulting clusters, it was observed that THEse researches have a high variety, but addressing THE future in many areas is still neglected.

In some point of view, neiTHEr Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in THE conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual AND, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in THE deep study of human life from THE perspective of political thought.THE main concern of two thinkers, one in THE 14th century, THE oTHEr in THE 20th century, is THE issue  of power, although neiTHEr of THEm provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show THE place of power AND domination in THE political thought of both thinkers by examining THE thoughts of two thinkers. AND in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah AND industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought AND social control through self-technology AND discipline in Foucault's thought lead to THE expansion of THE domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing THE opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah AND Foucault's late works

THE intellect is THE distinguishing feature of man from animals which has not been found anything more harmful than wine for intellect AND THE descent of man into THE position of animalism is THE result of that. Wine has always been forbidden in THE heavenly religions based on this, however, THE time AND manner of declaring its prohibition in Islam has led to THE confrontation of two viewpoints in THE instant prohibition with THE intoxicate of sleep in THE sense of THE state of being intoxicated (Arabic: سُکارَی) in verse 4:43 An-Nisāʾ (Arabic: النساء, An-Nisāʾ) AND gradual prohibition with THE intoxicate of wine. THE findings of this research by a library study AND descriptive analytical method indicate THE accuracy of THE THEory of instant prohibition with Quranic, narrational proofs AND rational confirmations AND historical evidence in declaring THE prohibition of wine in Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) verses in early Biʿtha (Arabic: بِعثة) AND its emphasizing in verse 5:90 Al-Maʾidah (Arabic: المائدة, Al-Māʾidah). In contrast, THE inaccuracy of THE THEory of gradual prohibition of wine was proved due to its content contradiction AND opposition to THE Holy Book of Quran, because it is stated, on THE one hAND, that wine in THE first stage was forbidden during THE prayer time with THE revelation of verse 43 of An-Nisāʾ, THE sixth Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) surah in order to justify THE gradual THEory with THE gradual rational law, but on THE oTHEr hAND, it is stated to THE absolute prohibition of wine in its verse 219 AND also in some Makkī verses by violating THE law of gradualness, by declaring that Surah Al-Baqarah is one of THE first Madanī Chapters (suras) according to consensus that was revealed after THE Hijrah (Arabic: الهجرة). Consequently, THE occasions or circumstances of revelations in Sunni exegeses by negation THE intoxication of wine in gradual THEory have subjective exit from this verse for THE motivation of defense of drinking wine of some people AND THE unjust attribution to oTHErs by incorrect justifying THE allowance of wine until THE revelation of verse 43 of An-Nisāʾ in Medina. THErefore, THE distinction between declaring THE prohibition of wine in Mecca in early Biʿtha AND THE delay of several years of execution of Ḥadd (fixed punishment) of Khmer (THE drinking of alcohol, shurb khamr) in Medina in instant THEory, in addition to creating strong motivation in leaving AND religious final notice has also been a kind of educational method of Islam. While THE announcement of THE absolute prohibition of wine at THE same time as THE implementation of its Ḥadd (fixed punishment) with THE revelation of verse 90 of Al-Maʾidah from THE last Madanī Surahs (Surah Madaniyah) or Madani chapters in THE gradual THEory is against THE educational method expected by THEm. THE unjustifiable consumption of some companions of drinking wine in Medina until THE revelation of THE prohibition verse in addition to THE achievement of THE Quranic THEory of Saib Tabrizi (Persian: صائب تبریزی, Romanized: Ṣāʾib Tabrīzī) is among THE consequences of proving instant THEory of THE prohibition wine.

Purpose: THE purpose of this research was to compare THE sense of belonging to THE school, THE perception of THE school atmosphere AND THE academic vitality of elementary school boys in non-profit AND normal schools in Qain city. Method: THE method of this research was descriptive AND comparative. THE statistical population of this research included all elementary students of non-profit AND normal schools in Qain city in THE academic year of 2023-2024. From among THE statistical population, 114 students (57 regular students AND 57 male students from non-profit schools) were selected as THE research sample using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Barry, Betty AND Watt (2004) School Belonging Questionnaire, Reddy AND Rhodes (2007) Perception of School Atmosphere Questionnaire AND Martin AND Marsh (2008) Academic Vitality Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze THE research data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: THE results of THE research data analysis showed that THEre is a significant difference between THE variables of feeling of belonging to school, perception of school atmosphere AND academic vitality in non-profit AND normal school students (p<0.005). In oTHEr words, THE sense of belonging to THE school, THE perception of THE school atmosphere, AND THE academic vitality of non-profit students are more than THE students of normal schools.Conclusion:THE results of this research showed that THE scores of normal students in THE studied variables are lower than those of non-profit students, so normal schools should provide training to strengTHEn academic variables

ABSTRACT Today, climate change AND its obvious negative effects on ecosystems have caused concern. This research seeks to test wheTHEr vegetation changes are sensitive to climate shocks AND also how THE ecosystem recovery process is through this index. In this regard, by using THE GEE platform, Java coding, GIS AND statistical analysis, vegetation AND Palmer indices were calculated AND based on time series climate data, vegetation AND climate changes were presented. THE results of Palmer's drought index show that during THE statistical period (1985-2020) THE study area is facing drought or is moving towards drought. Also, THE results indicate THE longest period of drought in THE region from 2013 to 2020. Totaly from 420 evaluated months, THE NDVI index is below THE change threshold in 70 months. Among THEse, 31 months of THE study period is below THE acceptable threshold in green AND non-reservoir seasons, which is ecologically worrying. THE distribution of THE vegetation index based on hexagons in 1985 AND 2005 had a normal AND almost normal distribution; But in 2020, THE graph deviated from THE normal state AND skewed towards THE vegetation cover index under stress or even thin covers. According to THE analysis of THE indicators, it is predicted that THE Gorgan region is on THE border of such ecological developments AND THE historical ecosystem of THE region is moving towards new ecosystems or being in a new equilibrium state with climatic conditions AND human disturbances Extended Abstract Introduction Today, climate change AND its obvious negative effects on terrestrial ecosystems have caused great concern to humans. THEse changes are effective on vegetation performance, plant distribution patterns, AND have economic AND environmental consequences. THErefore, it is important to know THE behavioral pattern of vegetation changes against climate changes. Reviewing THE studies of scientists in THE WORLD shows many researchers have used THE NDVI index to study temporal AND spatial changes in vegetation AND its relationship with THE climatic index of precipitation in different parts of THE WORLD. Studies have shown that NDVI follows precipitation with different time scales. Surveys showed that THEre are very few studies on determining THE threshold of changes in THE vegetation cover index in THE face of climate shocks. Determining THEse thresholds can provide a suitable solution for evaluating THE state of THE ecosystem, THE consequences of climate shocks AND THE reversibility or disturbance in THE ecosystem. This study was conducted with THE aim of improving our understANDing of THE dynamics of vegetation in THE forest city of Gorgan during 1985-2020 against climatic stresses.   Methodology THE current research is a comparative AND monitoring research AND seeks to test wheTHEr changes in vegetation cover are sensitive to climate shocks AND also how THE ecosystem recovery process is through this index. To achieve THE gole, first, NDVI index was selected among THE optimal vegetation indices AND its calculation process was done as a time series in THE GEE system. In parallel with those climate shocks, THE main elements including temperature, precipitation AND storm were calculated during THE historical process of 35 years AND THE average AND stANDard deviation statistical indicators were calculated for THEm AND THE trend of changes in THE thresholds was determined. THE results of climate plots AND climate changes show that in THE years before 1985, 2005 AND 2020, drastic changes have occurred in climatic elements AND climatic factors. THErefore, THEse years can be considered as THE periods when THE climate shock happened.. Next, THE region was divided into 436 hexagons AND THE NDVI index for each of THE hexagons was calculated AND modeled for THE years 1985, 2005 AND 2020 as selected years affected by climate shocks. In conclusion, to analyze THE trend of changes in THE time series of THE vegetation index AND compare THE behavior of its changes with climatic indices, THE Palmer index was calculated.   Results AND discussion THE results of climate change monitoring based on THE Palmer index showed that during THE statistical period THE study area is facing drought in most years. THE most severe climatic fluctuations AND drought in THE region were recorded in 2018 AND in THE months of October to December. THE longest period of drought has also prevailed in THE region from 2013 to 2020. During this period, rainfall, temperature AND storm fluctuations have THE most changes. THE results of drought monitoring show that in 270 months, THE region is facing climatic drought stress, 57 months of THE study period, THE region is facing severe AND very severe drought stress. THE results of THE time series of THE NDVI vegetation index showed that, out of THE 420 evaluated months, 70 months of THE year THE NDVI index is below THE change threshold, 31 of which are in THE green AND non-accumulating seasons, THE seasons when THE vegetation is expected to be at its maximum. Placing below THE acceptable range means crossing THE ecological thresholds AND challenges THE recovery AND restoration of THE ecosystem, also THE ecological performance will be affected at this point. Based on THE assessment of THE Palmer index, from 2014 to 2019, THE situation of THE Palmer index is in THE extreme drought range. Also, since 2015, i.e. with a one-year time delay, NDVI index has experienced THE lower limit of THE equilibrium threshold of vegetation cover. THEse conditions are also valid for THE years 2008, 2009, 2002 AND 1997. In general, it can be said that THE vegetation cover index is dependent on climatic changes AND fluctuations AND shows high sensitivity to changes. THE important point in this section is that in THE years when THE NDVI index changes are at THE lower limit of THE threshold, we witness THE most climate shocks AND temperature changes, THE occurrence of severe storms AND precipitation fluctuations. THE distribution of THE vegetation index based on hexagons in 1985 AND 2005 have a normal distribution; but in 2020, THE graph has deviated from THE normal state AND skewed towards THE vegetation cover index under stress or even thin covers. THE visual interpretation done on THE vegetation cover index in 1985 confirms THE condition of THE vegetation cover in THE souTHErn AND western limits of THE region in a state with suitable dense AND pasture vegetation AND forest cover on THE edges. However, in 2005 AND 2020, this cover has been changed AND mainly turned into agricultural lAND AND poor rangelAND. In such a way that in 2020, THE situation of THE region has revealed THE critical state of vegetation. THE vegetation cover index in THE central areas of THE city has also reached from a relatively favorable situation in 1985 to a critical situation with almost no dense AND stress-free vegetation cover in 2020. THE results of THE present studies are consistent with THE studies of Visentr Serrano et al. in 2013 AND confirm THE relationship between NDVI vegetation AND climate change. In addition, THE results of THE studies are consistent with THE studies of Alwesabi 2012, Xiai & Moody, 2005 AND Yan et al. 2001. In such a way that THE present study AND THE aforementioned studies all confirm THE influence of THE vegetation index on climate fluctuations AND precipitation with a one-year time difference.       Conclusion In general, THE threshold is defined as a border with different conditions. After crossing THE thresholds, THE stability AND positioning of THE NDVI in THE equilibrium range is often difficult, AND THE ecosystem is constantly spending energy to restore itself or to position itself in a new stability state. THE result of THE mentioned disorders is THE reduction of resilience AND resistance in THE region, which leads THE ecosystem to alternative states or crossing THE threshold or being in a new equilibrium state. THE results showed that THE areas where green vegetation is concentrated AND denser are less affected by climatic stresses AND show more resilience. However, THE areas that have become spots AND islANDs due to destruction in THE urban areas are more affected by climatic stress AND destruction AND show less tolerance against THE destruction factors. THE results help managers to focus THEir management plans for THE preservation AND maintenance of urban green spaces as well as forest AND pasture ecotones on THE edge of THE city by knowing THE thresholds.   Funding THEre is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to THE conceptualization AND writing of THE article. All of THE authors approved THEcontent of THE manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of THE work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all THE scientific consultants of this paper.

Knowing THE approaches of THE commentators (THE scholars who interpret THE Holy Book of Quran) of Quranic researching provides THE basis for understANDing, analyzing AND criticizing THEir views AND opinions, because tafsīr (Arabic: تفسیر, exegesis) texts are influenced by THE commentator’s WORLDview AND mental ideas, as well as a reflection of THE cultural AND social requirements of his era. One of THE issues that has recently become a subject in THE field of understANDing AND interpreting THE Holy Book of Quran is THE effect of gender element in THE understANDing of religious texts. THErefore, this research, using descriptive-analytical method in a comparative context, has investigated THE tendency, Fundamentals AND exegetical methods of “Āmina Wadud” (Arabic: آمنة ودود) AND “ʿĀʾisha Bint al-Shāṭi” (عائشة بِنت الشاطئ) two of THE Quran researchers. THE obtained results indicate that THE interpretative tendency of Āmina Wadud is social, transsexual AND justice-oriented. She has used THE hermeneutic method AND philosophical analysis in explaining THE discourses of THE Qur'an in this regard. THE tendency of THE fundamentals AND methods in THE Quranic understANDing of Āmina Wadud in her social commentary leads her to Islamic rulings in THE field of women in order to present a new AND modern reading of THEm. But Bint al-Shāṭi’s exegesis tendency is THEological literary in line with THE Quran’s verbal inimitability (Arabic: الإِعجاز البیانیّ, Romanized: al-Iʾjāz) of THE Holy Book of Quran. She is trying to put emphasis AND style (THE methods used in written language) on THE verbal inimitability of THE Holy Book of Quran by a linguistic point of view in line with THE method of verbal exegesis.